Swami Sarvadanand Saraswati was a renowned Arya Samaj ascetic, originally from Hoshiarpur, Punjab, born in 1855. Initially a Shaivite and later a follower of Neo-Vedanta, he turned to Arya Samaj after reading Satyarth Prakash. A strong advocate of eradicating untouchability and uplifting marginalized communities, he emphasized social reform and spiritual awakening. Swami Sarvadanand authored notable works, including Sanmarg Darshan, and passed away in 1940.
Swami Darshananand Saraswati, a visionary philosopher, prolific writer, and ardent proponent of Arya Samaj, was born in 1861 in Jagravan, Punjab. Renouncing worldly life, he established numerous Gurukuls, including Gurukul Jwalapur in 1907, which continues to provide free education. Swami Ji founded several presses and publications to propagate Vedic knowledge and uplift society, producing over 250 tracts, novels, and commentaries. His tireless dedication to Vedic Dharma and education left an enduring legacy, inspiring countless scholars, revolutionaries, and reformers.
Swami Nityanand Saraswati (1860-1913) was born in Gujrati Brahmin Family. He was a devoted scholar, reformer, and ascetic deeply influenced by the teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Born with an innate spiritual inclination, he dedicated his life to propagating Vedic values and Arya Samaj principles. Swami Nityanand was a prolific writer and eloquent speaker, addressing social reforms, education, and the need to return to Vedic ideals. He emphasized the importance of self-discipline, truth, and universal brotherhood.
Swami Shankaranandaji Maharaj (1880-1962) raised Hindu consciousness and created a common platform for all Hindus in South Africa. He arrived in South Africa in 1908 as a missionary promoting Arya Samaj principles and broader Hinduism. He opposed superstition, casteism, and divisive practices, promoting Hindu unity through festivals like Ramnavmi and advocating for Deepavali as a primary celebration. His efforts included forming educational and economic initiatives like the Indian Farmers’ Association and founding the South African Hindu Maha Sabha in 1912 to unite Hindus.
Swami Narayanaji, (1865-1947) formerly known as Mahatma Narayan Prasad, played a pivotal role in the growth of Arya Samaj in Uttar Pradesh, dedicating 25 years to its service. He advocated Gurukuls and Vedic education, even collecting funds for them, leading to the establishment of Gurukuls in places like Vrindavan and Farrukhabad. After leaving his government job, he became the head of the Vrindavan Gurukul, where his efforts led to its flourishing. Later, he retreated to his Ashram in Nainital for spiritual contemplation and continued to spread Arya Samaj teachings, dedicating all his wealth to the cause of Vedic literature.
Pandit Rajaram (1867-1947) was a renowned Sanskrit scholar and teacher at the D.A.V. College, Lahore. He developed an interest in Arya Samaj's teachings and pursued advanced studies in Sanskrit, Mimamsa, and Vedic scriptures. He wrote extensively, including commentaries on the Atharvaveda and other Vedic texts, as well as works on the Upanishads, exploring their spiritual teachings. His scholarly contributions and translations played a significant role in the promotion of Vedic knowledge.
Pandit Ganpati Sharma, born in 1873 in Churu, Rajasthan, was a prominent Vedic scholar and a dedicated propagator of Arya Samaj teachings. Known for his eloquent speeches and profound knowledge, he influenced many through his discourses and debates, including with Christian and Muslim scholars. He actively spread Vedic philosophy and made significant contributions to religious debates, including a famous victory over Pastor Johnson in Kashmir. Despite his short life, passing away at 39, his legacy as a committed reformer and scholar remains influential in the Arya Samaj movement.
Bhai Parmanand (1876-1947), born into a prominent Sikh family, was a key figure in the Arya Samaj movement and a leader of the Ghadar Party. He played an active role in the anti-colonial struggle, including the Ghadar Conspiracy, and was imprisoned by the British in the Andaman Islands in 1915. After his release in 1920, he continued advocating for Hindu-Muslim unity but expressed concerns about the creation of Pakistan. He passed away in 1947, leaving behind a legacy as a revolutionary and social reformer.
Swami Swatantranand Ji (1877-1955) was born as Kehar Singh in a Sikh family in Mohi, Punjab. Losing his mother early, he was raised in his maternal home, influenced by Vedic teachings. Renouncing worldly life at 15, he traveled extensively and received sanyas diksha at 23 from Swami Purnanand, adopting the name Pranpuri. Committed to Arya Samaj, he spread its teachings globally, visiting Southeast Asia, Mauritius, and Africa. He actively participated in India’s freedom struggle, including the Hyderabad Satyagraha and "Quit India Movement," enduring imprisonment. A prolific writer, orator, and yogi, he established institutions like the Dayanand Math and contributed immensely to Arya Samaj.
Nardev Shastri Vedatirtha (1911-2016) was a freedom fighter, deeply inspired by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati, was a distinguished Arya Samaj activist, Vedic scholar, Hindi litterateur, journalist, and politician. He served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in Uttar Pradesh's first assembly and made significant contributions to national service and the welfare of humanity throughout his life..
Acharya Ramdev (1881-1939) was a prominent leader, teacher, writer, freedom fighter, and eloquent speaker of the Arya Samaj. He excelled academically and later became the principal of Gurukul Kangri, transforming it into a leading educational center. He was deeply involved in India's national movement and participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, even serving time in prison. He conducted research on Indian history and published his renowned work "Bharatvarsh ka Itihas".
Pandit Ramchandra Dehlavi (1881-1968) was a renowned scholar of the Arya Samaj and an expert in Vedic, Islamic, and Christian scriptures. He engaged in numerous debates with Christian and Muslim scholars, gaining victory in many of them. From 1910 to 1924, he delivered regular lectures at Fountain Square in Delhi, promoting Vedic philosophy. His lectures were so impactful that they led to restrictions on his speaking in Hyderabad by the Nizam. He was also a prolific writer who advanced Vedic philosophy through his literary contributions.
Pandit Ganga Prasad (1881-1968) was an influential scholar and active member of Arya Samaj. He resigned from his government job in 1968 to focus on promoting Vedic culture and became the principal of DAV High School in Allahabad. He authored numerous works on philosophy, religion, and Arya Samaj principles, including Astikvad and Philosophy of Dayanand. He contributed significantly to interfaith discourse and served as the president of Arya Samaj Uttar Pradesh and Arya Pratinidhi Sabha.
Mahashay Rajpal (1885-1929) was a prominent writer and publisher who worked under renowned Arya Samaj leaders Swami Shraddhanand and Mahashay Krishna. He published over 200 books in Hindi, Urdu, and English, often tackling controversial subjects that led to legal battles with the British authorities. Rajpal was known for his commitment to freedom of expression, enduring a four-year court case and imprisonment. He was assassinated on April 6, 1929, for his beliefs but was posthumously honored with the International Freedom to Publish Award in 1999. His martyrdom remains a significant moment in the history of freedom of expression in India.
Nanji Kalidas Mehta was an Indian industrialist and philanthropist from Gujarat who founded the Mehta Group and made significant contributions in business, education, and social welfare. He established numerous Arya Samaj-affiliated schools, colleges, and temples in East Africa and India. Mehta was instrumental in building several philanthropic institutions, including the Kirti Mandir in Porbandar and the Jawaharlal Nehru Planetarium. He also contributed to the development of hospitals, schools, and cultural institutions in East Africa, India, and beyond. After his death, several institutions were named in his honor, and his legacy continues through the Mehta Group's global initiatives.
Chandkaran Sharda (1888-1957) was a distinguished leader, reformer, and freedom fighter who dedicated his life to India's independence and societal upliftment. He was deeply involved in promoting education and cultural revival. He emphasized self-reliance and worked tirelessly to raise awareness about India's rich heritage and the importance of national consciousness. His activism extended to addressing critical social issues, such as child marriage and caste discrimination, leading to the enactment of progressive reforms. He played a vital role in various socio-religious movements, aligning with the principles of self-reliance and cultural preservation.
Pandit Ayodhya Prasad (16 March 1888 – 11 March 1965) was a prominent Arya Samaj scholar and a representative of Vedic Dharma at the 1933 World Parliament of Religions in Chicago. Born in Amwa, Bihar, he mastered multiple languages, including Urdu, Persian, and Arabic, and later became deeply influenced by Arya Samaj and Swami Dayanand Saraswati's teachings. He actively participated in India's freedom struggle and extensively promoted Vedic philosophy internationally, including in North and South America. Despite facing challenges, including an assassination attempt in Trinidad, he continued his mission, amassing a vast collection of rare texts. He spent his later years in Kolkata, dedicating himself to religious propagation, self-study, and donating his valuable library to Maharshi Dayanand Memorial Trust.
Swami Rameshwaranand Saraswati (1890-1990) was a prominent Arya Samaj ascetic, orator, and scholar, born into a farming family. Initially inclined toward traditional beliefs, he later embraced Arya Samaj and pursued extensive education in Sanskrit and philosophy, completing 21 years of study in 1935. He actively participated in India's independence movement, including the Hyderabad Satyagraha, and established a Gurukul in Karnal, Haryana, in 1939. Swami Ji also contributed to various Arya Samaj movements, notably the Hindi protection and Punjabi Suba opposition campaigns. A prolific writer, he authored works on Maharshi Dayanand, yoga, and Vedic traditions.
Pandit Biharilal Shastri (1890-1986) was a renowned Arya Samaj scholar, preacher, and master debater. A Sanskrit scholar, he served as a teacher in various institutions, including Saraswati Vidyalaya Bareilly, and retired in 1956. He authored several works, such as Rigveda ke Dasham Mandal Ka Rahasya and Yajurveda Ka Rahasya, and contributed translations of significant texts. Shastri Ji engaged in numerous debates, consistently achieving victory, and was deeply dedicated to the propagation of Vedic knowledge.
Swami Bhawani Dayal Sanyasi (1892-1950) was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and was a prominent Arya Samaj leader, freedom fighter, and Hindi advocate. He actively participated in the Swadeshi Movement, Mahatma Gandhi's passive resistance. He worked to improve the lives of Indians in South Africa, holding key positions such as President of the Natal Indian Congress. After his wife's death, he became a sanyasi and championed Hindi, making it an official language in South Africa alongside English and Afrikaans. A tireless author, journalist, and advocate of Indian unity, he represented South African Indians at major events, leaving behind a legacy of patriotism and service.
Acharya Pandit Brahmadatt Jigyasu (1892–1964) was a dedicated Arya Samaj scholar and follower of Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati, known for his extensive contributions to Vedic literature. His significant work includes a detailed commentary on Maharshi Dayanand's Yajurveda Bhashya, first published in 1944 by the Ramlal Kapoor Trust, Lahore, with subsequent editions published post-India's partition. However, the remaining sections of this commentary remain unpublished due to financial constraints and lack of interest. Pandit Jigyasu's efforts highlight the challenges faced in preserving and disseminating such scholarly works, emphasizing the need for better support from Arya Samaj and Vedic adherents.
Pandit Chamupati (1893–1937) was a renowned Arya Samaj scholar, preacher, and polyglot fluent in Hindi, Sanskrit, English, Urdu, Arabic, and Persian. Born in Bahawalpur, Pakistan, he excelled in academics and embraced Arya Samaj after extensive study of Maharshi Dayanand's works. Chamupati authored the famous Urdu poetic biography Dayanand Anand Sagar and contributed as an editor for Arya Samaj publications like Vedic Magazine and Arya. He served as a teacher at Gurukul Kangri and propagated Vedic teachings globally, including a significant stint in Africa. Known for his eloquence, writings, and debates, Chamupati dedicated his life to promoting Vedic culture, passing away at the young age of 44.
Swami Vedananda was an exceptional yogi who devoted himself to spiritual advancement through dedicated practice over many years. His profound wisdom was cultivated through continuous study and immersion in Sanskrit literature. He was highly skilled in the Vedas, Brahmin Granths, Aranyakas, and Upanishads, and possessed an in-depth understanding of Vedangas, including education, ritual, grammar, etymology, prosody, and astrology. Swami Vedananda was a master of numerous philosophical traditions such as Nyaya, Vaiseshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Vedanta, and Mimamsa. His knowledge extended to poetry, drama, and rhetoric, showcasing his versatility in diverse academic fields. Whenever students expressed a desire to learn, he effortlessly spoke on any subject, as if the scriptures flowed from him like a waterfall. Swami Vedananda was not only a scholar of Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Pashto, and Urdu, but also had a deep command of foreign languages like Arabic, Persian, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, in addition to being proficient in English.
Dhurendra Shastri, later known as Swami Dhruvanand Saraswati, was born in the village of Pani, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. He was honored with the title of Rajguru by Raja Ummed Singh in 1939. Swami Sarvadanand established a Gurukul near the Kali River in Harduaganj, where Dhurendra Shastri received his education. He was an active leader in the Arya Samaj and served as the president of the Arya Pratinidhi Sabha of the United Provinces and the All-India Arya Pratinidhi Sabha. He played a key role in the Hyderabad Satyagraha movement and later took sanyas, adopting the name Swami Dhruvanand. He passed away on June 29, 1965.
Dr. Satyaprakash Saraswati (1905-1995) was a renowned chemist and Arya scholar. He served as the head of the Chemistry Department at Allahabad University and published over 150 research papers. After retirement, he took sanyas and contributed significantly to Arya Samaj literature and Vedic translations. He translated the four Vedas into English in 26 volumes and wrote on various subjects including science, philosophy, and Arya Samaj principles. Dr. Satyaprakash also actively participated in the Indian freedom movement and was arrested in 1942.
Mahamahopadhyay Pandit Yudhishthir Mimansak (1909-1994) was a distinguished Sanskrit scholar, grammarian, and Vedic literature critic, known for his deep understanding and contributions to ancient texts. After the early death of his mother, he was enrolled in Swami Sarvadanand's Gurukul, where his academic journey began. He later studied Mimamsa philosophy under eminent scholars in Varanasi, including Pandit Chinn Swami Shastri and Pandit Pattabhiram Shastri, and became a prominent authority on the subject. He contributed extensively to the editing of ancient scriptures, including works by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, with a critical approach. He was also a prolific writer, authoring several works, including Sanskrit Vyakaran Shastra ka Itihas, Sanskrit Pathan-Pathan ki Anubhuti, Swami Dayanand Saraswati aur Unke Karya, Shraut Yajna Mimansa: In recognition of his contributions to Sanskrit and Vedic studies, he was honored with the title of Mahamahopadhyay in 1989 by the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi. He was also acknowledged by the Government of India in 1976 as a distinguished Sanskrit scholar.
Swami Omanand Saraswati (1911-2003) was a renowned freedom fighter, educator, historian, and social worker from Haryana. Born as Bhagwan Singh in Narela, he was later known as Bhagwandev and then Swami Omanand after adopting sanyas. He played a significant role in the formation of Haryana in 1966. Swami Omanand received education at St. Stephen's College, Delhi, and later studied Vedas and Puranas at various Gurukuls. He was deeply influenced by freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh and joined the freedom movement, leading protests such as the Nizam Hyderabad Satyagraha and the "Hindi Andolan." He also led the Chandigarh Satyagraha after the formation of Haryana. A staunch believer in Brahmacharya, he lived a life of austerity and contributed to social causes, including the establishment of Gurukuls and a cancer hospital in Jhajjar.
Prakash Vir Shastri (1923–1977) was an Indian politician, Arya Samaj leader, and Member of Parliament. Born in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, he earned degrees from Agra University and Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. Shastri was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1958 and later the Rajya Sabha, serving as an Independent and then as a Jana Sangh nominee. He was a strong advocate for Hindi over English and proposed the Religious Protection Bill in 1960 to protect religious minorities.
Pandit Lekh Ram (1858-1897) was a prominent Arya Samaj leader and writer who significantly contributed to the propagation of Vedic teachings. He founded the Arya Samaj in Peshawar and published a paper, Dharmopdesh. Known for his firm advocacy for Arya Samaj ideals, he wrote the life history of Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati and accepted a challenge from Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani to defend Vedic principles. In 1889, when the challenge was not resolved, Lekh Ram continued to live a full life until his martyrdom in 1897. He authored thirty-three books, primarily in Urdu, many of which have been translated into Hindi, English, and Sindhi.
Pandit Gurudatta (1854-1890) was born in Multan. He was a brilliant scholar, philosopher, and ardent follower of Swami Dayananda Saraswati. A gifted linguist and thinker, he was deeply inspired by the teachings of the Vedas and Arya Samaj, although his skeptical and inquisitive nature often led him to challenge traditional norms. His dedication to education and reform was evident in his contributions to the establishment of D.A.V. College and his scholarship on Vedic literature, which earned international recognition. Despite his brief life, he mastered Sanskrit scriptures, delivered inspiring speeches, and exemplified the ideals of Rishi Dayananda. Tragically, Gurudatta succumbed to tuberculosis in 1890 at the age of 26, leaving behind a legacy of intellectual and spiritual fervor.
Swami Shraddhanand Saraswati (1856-1926) was born as Munshi Ram and was a fearless patriot, social reformer, and Arya Samaj leader. Inspired by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, he founded the Gurukul Kangri to revive Vedic education and promote disciplined, value-based learning. A staunch advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity, he played a pivotal role in India’s independence movement, courageously leading protests against British oppression. He worked tirelessly to eradicate untouchability and uplift the downtrodden. His efforts in the Shuddhi movement to reconvert Malkana Rajputs to Hinduism made him a target of opposition, leading to his assassination in 1926. Remembered for his bravery and selfless service, Gandhi called him a hero who lived and died as one.
Sardar Arjun Singh, the esteemed grandfather of martyr Sardar Bhagat Singh, was deeply inspired by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and embraced Arya Samaj ideals along with his family. A devout follower of Vedic traditions, he performed daily Yagyas and upheld the teachings of the Vedas. He conducted the sacred thread ceremony of his grandsons Bhagat Singh and Jagat Singh, instilling in them the values of patriotism and sacrifice. To highlight the alignment of Sikh Gurus with Vedic traditions, he authored the Urdu book "Guru Sahiban were the Advocates of the Vedas," spreading the Arya Samaj message throughout his life.
Shyamji Krishna Varma (1857-1930) was a Sanskrit scholar who taught at Oxford and later founded India House and The Indian Sociologist in 1905, a hub for Indian revolutionary nationalism in Britain. An admirer of Dayanand Saraswati and the first President of Bombay Arya Samaj, he inspired leaders like Veer Savarkar. Krishna Varma moved to Paris in 1907 to evade prosecution and actively opposed British rule through his writings. Varma passed away on March 31, 1930, in Geneva. His ashes were later brought to India by the Gujarat government.
Mahatma Hans Raj (1864-1938) born in Bajwara, Punjab, founded the first Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) school in 1886, dedicating his life to education and the principles of Swami Dayanand. Despite financial struggles, he grew the DAV network to 669 institutions across India, focusing on enlightenment through knowledge, piety, and patriotism. Hans Raj's simplicity and commitment earned him respect, and his contributions were pivotal during India's freedom movement. He passed away on November 14, 1938, and his legacy lives on through Hans Raj College in Delhi, named in his honor.
Ram Prasad 'Bismil' (1897-1927) was an Indian revolutionary involved in the 1918 Mainpuri Conspiracy and the 1925 Kakori Train Robbery, both aimed against British colonial rule. Born on June 11, 1897, in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, he was inspired by Arya Samaj and Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s teachings. A poet and writer, his patriotic poems, including "Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna," became famous. He was a founder of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and played a crucial role in organizing revolutionary activities. Despite setbacks, he continued to advocate for India’s independence and was eventually hanged in 1927 for his involvement in the Kakori case.
Lala Lajpat Rai (1865–1928), known as the "Lion of Punjab," was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and a key figure in the Lal Bal Pal trio. A staunch advocate of Hinduism and Arya Samaj, he founded the National College in Lahore to counter British education. He led protests against British policies, including a non-violent march against the Simon Commission in 1928, during which he was severely injured by the police. He died from the injuries on November 17, 1928. Rai also authored The United States of America, discussing caste and race relations, and was a significant influence on the Indian National Congress.
Sardar Ajit Singh Sandhu (1881–1947) was a prominent freedom fighter from Punjab, born in Khatkar Kalan. Influenced by Arya Samaj philosophy, he played a key role in the Indian independence movement, notably leading the 1907 Pagri Sambhal Jatta Movement to protect farmers' rights. Exiled by the British to Burma, he continued his revolutionary work, including associations with the Ghadar Party and spreading anti-British sentiments abroad. Singh returned to India in 1947, but tragically died on August 15, the same day India gained independence. His legacy lives on through his contributions to India's struggle for freedom.
Kartaar Singh Sarabha (1896–1915) was a revolutionary and is considered one of the great martyrs of Arya Samaj. He was a prominent leader of the Ghadar Party, an organization founded in the US to fight for India's independence from British rule. Born in Punjab, Sarabha moved to America at the age of 15 for higher education, where he became deeply inspired by nationalist ideals. He played a key role in organizing the Ghadar Movement, which aimed to incite an armed revolt against the British. Arrested by the British, he was executed on November 16, 1915, at the age of 19. Sarabha is remembered as a martyr and a source of inspiration for future revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, who regarded him as a role model.
Khudiram Bose (1889-1908) was raised in a religious family. After losing both his parents at a young age, he was inspired by Sri Aurobindo's nationalist lectures and joined the revolutionary group Anushilan Samiti at 15. He also came into contact with Arya Samaj, which influenced his views on social reform and nationalism. Khudiram participated in several acts of resistance, including the attempt to assassinate British magistrate Douglas Kingsford. In 1908, he and Prafulla Chaki mistakenly bombed a carriage carrying two women, killing one and injuring the other. Khudiram was arrested, and despite his youth, he was sentenced to death. He was hanged on August 11, 1908, becoming a martyr in India's fight for independence.
Shivram Hari Rajguru (1908-1931) was a brave Indian freedom fighter who played a key role in the struggle for independence. Born into a Deshastha Brahmin family, he was deeply affected by British atrocities and joined the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA). Alongside Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev Thapar, he participated in the assassination of J.P. Saunders in retaliation for Lala Lajpat Rai’s death. He was arrested in Pune, sentenced to death and hanged on March 23, 1931. At just 23, Rajguru sacrificed his life for the nation and remains an enduring symbol of valor in India’s history.
Sukhdev Thapar (1907-1931) was a dedicated freedom fighter from Punjab and a key member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). He played a crucial role in organizing revolutionary cells and inspiring youth through the National College in Lahore. In 1926, he co-founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha to unite young Indians against British rule and communalism. Sukhdev, along with Bhagat Singh and Rajguru, plotted to assassinate James A. Scott but mistakenly killed J.P. Saunders in 1928. He was convicted in the Lahore Conspiracy Case and was hanged on March 23, 1931, at just 24.
Rash Behari Bose (186-1945) received his early education in Chandannagar and was inspired by his teachers to join the freedom struggle. From a young age, he was interested in revolutionary activities. He played a key role in the 1912 bomb attack on Viceroy Hardinge. During World War I, he led the Ghadar Movement but fled to Japan in 1915 after its failure. In Japan, he founded the Indian Independence League and contributed to the formation of the Indian National Army (INA). In 1942, he handed over the leadership to Subhas Chandra Bose.
Chandra Shekhar Azad (1906–1931) was a prominent Indian revolutionary who reorganized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after its leaders were executed. Born in Alirajpur, he joined the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1921, but later became involved in revolutionary activities, including the Kakori Train Robbery and the assassination of John P. Saunders to avenge Lala Lajpat Rai's death. In 1928, he renamed HRA to HSRA, aiming for an independent socialist India. Azad died on 27 February 1931 in a shootout with the police at Alfred Park in Allahabad, choosing to end his life rather than be captured.
Bal Mukund (189-1915) was a revolutionary and the descendant of the martyr Bhai Mati Das. His nationalist fervor grew after the events of 1907, and he became involved with a secret revolutionary group in Lahore, distributing patriotic literature. He was implicated in two bombings: one on December 23, 1912, targeting Lord Hardinge in Delhi, and another on May 17, 1913, in Lahore. Arrested in 1914 in Jodhpur, he was found guilty of his involvement in the bombings and sentenced to death.
Mahatma Anand Swami Saraswati (1882–1977) was a leader of the Arya Samaj and the editor of Arya Gazette and Milap. Born as Khushhal Chand Khursand in Punjab (now Pakistan), he dedicated his life to propagating Vedic Dharma. He began his journalism career in Lahore under Mahatma Hansraj and launched the daily Urdu Milap in 1923. He actively opposed atrocities against Hindus, leading movements in Malabar (1921), Hyderabad (1939), and Sindh. In 1949, he took sannyas and traveled to Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania to spread Vedic teachings.
Pandit Ganga Prasad (1881–1968) was an Arya Samaj writer and a member of the Indian National Congress. A scholar of Hindi, English, Urdu, Persian, and Sanskrit, he specialized in philosophy and won the Mangala Prasad Award for his book Astikvad in 1931. He opposed India's partition and was a devoted follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He served as a professor in Meerut College, and Chief Justice in Tehri, later dedicating himself to social service. He traveled to South Africa, Burma, Thailand, and Singapore for religious and cultural missions. His notable works include Astikvad, Vedic Culture, Advaitvad, and the English translation of Satyarth Prakash (Light of Truth).
Dr. Ramanatha Vedalankar (1914–2013) was a renowned scholar, educator, and writer. Born in Faridpur, Uttar Pradesh, he studied for 14 years at Kangri Gurukul, earning the Vedalankar title and later a PhD from Agra University. He served as a professor, head of the Vedic Studies department, and vice-chancellor at Kangri University. He also led the Dayanand Research Chair at Punjab University. His works include Vaidika Veer Garjana, Rigveda Jyoti, Vedamanjari, and Vedic Madhuvrishti. Honored with awards like the Vedavedanga Award and National Sanskrit Scholar Award, he passed away in 2013 at 99 years old.
Acharya Bhadrasen, a disciple of Acharya Pandit Brahmadatt Jigyasu, was a devoted priest and preacher of Arya Samaj. A staunch follower of Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati, he resided at the Lonavala Yoga Institute but declined its ownership to focus on spiritual teachings. He was a scholar of Sanskrit, yoga, meditation, and pranayama, imparting knowledge in these fields. His writings explored the Vedas, Vedic civilization, and Maharishi Dayanand's principles, offering scientific analyses of Vedic mantras and the Upanishads.
Munshi Premchand,(1880-1936) a prominent Urdu-Hindi writer, was a committed nationalist, social reformer, and strong advocate of secularism. He was influenced by Arya Samaj and appreciated its role in social reform. He highlighted the struggles of the poor, particularly peasants, and criticized imperialism, capitalism, and communalism. Through his novels and stories, he promoted Hindu-Muslim unity and justice, often facing backlash for his views. His language, blending Hindi and Urdu colloquial expressions, resonated with the common people.
Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, born on 13 January 1949 in Patiala, is India’s first astronaut and a former Indian Air Force officer. He is the grandson of Pandit Loknath Tarkavachaspati, the distinguished disciple of Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati. He flew aboard Soyuz T-11 on 3 April 1984 as part of the Soviet Interkosmos program, spending nearly eight days in space aboard the Salyut 7 station, conducting scientific experiments. A veteran MiG-21 pilot, he also flew combat missions during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. After retiring from the IAF, he worked as a chief test pilot at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. He was honored with the Hero of the Soviet Union title and India's highest peacetime gallantry award, the Ashoka Chakra.
Acharya Baldev (1932-2016) was a prominent social reformer and Arya Samaj leader. He dedicated his life to social and cow service and played a key role in establishing Gurukul Kalwa, where notable personalities like Swami Ramdev and Acharya Balkrishna have studied. He was also instrumental in the Gauraksha movement, starting a campaign for cow protection in Haryana. A strict follower of Brahmacharya, he did not return to his village after leaving at the age of 24. Acharya Baldev nurtured and trained around 145 young Brahmacharis and Sanyasis in the traditional Vedic system, preparing them as Ārsh Pracharaks (Vedic preachers). Among them are renowned personalities like Acharya Gyaneshwar, Swami Vivekananda Saraswati Acharya Aryanaresh, Yoga Guru Swami Ramdev and, Acharya Balkrishna who continue to spread the teachings of Arya Samaj and Vedic Dharma worldwide.
Sarla Thakral (1914-2008) earned her aviation pilot's license at the age of 21 in 1936, becoming one of the first women in India to do so. She flew solo in a Gypsy Moth and accumulated over 1,000 hours of flying with the Lahore Flying Club. Tragically, her career was cut short due to her husband’s death in airplane crash in 1939, and after the outbreak of World War II, she abandoned her plans to become a commercial pilot. She later pursued a diploma in fine arts from the Mayo School of Art. Thakral, a dedicated follower of Arya Samaj, remarried after the Partition of India and moved to Delhi, where she became a successful businesswoman, painter, and designer.
Rao Yudhishthir Singh, son of Rao Tularam, was the ruler of Rewari. Born during the 1857 Indian Rebellion, he was sent to various safe locations as a child to protect him from the British. After his father’s demise, Yudhishthir Singh ascended the throne and became a just and brave ruler, much like his ancestor, the legendary King Yudhishthir. In 1873, Swami Dayanand Saraswati's visit to Rewari inspired him to establish the world's first Gaushala in 1874, named "Swami Dayanand Saraswati Gaushala." He also worked to protect Hindu culture, including the formation of a "Gau Rakshan Sabha" to prevent cow slaughter. He was honored as "Dharmamandap" and "Gau Vansh Rakshak" for his religious devotion.
Maharaja Sajjan Singh (1859-1884) became the ruler of Mewar at the young age of 15 in 1874. Despite his short ruling tenure, he made significant contributions to the development of his kingdom, including infrastructure improvements, judicial reforms, and anti-corruption measures. He promoted education, healthcare, irrigation, and afforestation, while also beautifying Udaipur, including the restoration of Lake Pichola. Maharana Sajjan Singh, during his reign, invited Maharishi Dayanand to Udaipur in 1882, where the sage stayed for over six months in the sacred Navalakha Mahal. It was here that Maharishi Dayanand completed his monumental work, Satyarth Prakash, a code of conduct for humanity and a beacon of divine knowledge. Though his reign lasted only ten years, Maharana Sajjan Singh is remembered for revitalizing Mewar and the Sisodiya dynasty.
Swami Satyapathi Parivrajak (1927-2021) was a sanyasi, renowned scholar of Yoga philosophy, writer, and preacher associated with the Arya Samaj. Born in the village of Farmana, Rohtak district, Haryana, in a Muslim family, he was deeply moved by the atrocities witnessed during the 1947 Partition, which led him to renounce his family and embark on a quest for truth. After receiving initiation from Swami Omanand, he became proficient in Sanskrit and adopted the principles of Arya Samaj. He also received initiation in Ashtanga Yoga and dedicated his life to its promotion. Swami Satyapathi organized numerous yoga camps and founded institutions like the Darshan Yoga Mahavidyalaya, Arsh Gurukul, and the Vishwakalyan Dharmarth Trust, to spread knowledge of the Vedas, Upanishads, and spiritual guidance.
Raja Jai Kishan Das Chaube (1832–1905) was an Indian administrator and close associate of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the founder of Aligarh Muslim University. Born in Moradabad, he joined the Indian Civil Service and later retired as Deputy Collector of Aligarh. He played a crucial role in the promotion of education and communal harmony, particularly between Hindus and Muslims, and was a key figure in the founding of Aligarh Muslim University. The Satyarth Prakash was written based on the request of Raja Jayakrishna Das, who was an admirer of Swami Dayanand. Swami Dayanand dictated the book to Chandrasekhara Shastri, and it was published in 1874. Raja Jai Kishan Das served as Secretary of the Scientific Society of Aligarh and later as its Co-President.
Shri Rajadhiraj Sir Nahar Singh Bahadur (1855–1932) ruled the Princely State of Shahpura from 1870 to 1932. He attended the coronation of King-Emperor Edward VII in 1902 and was granted a 9-gun salute in 1925. A progressive ruler, he mortgaged family assets to build the Nahar Sagar and Umed Sagar irrigation tanks to aid his drought-affected subjects. He introduced local governance, developed infrastructure, and established schools and hospitals. He chaired the Paropkarini Sabha (1893–1932) and was a member of several royal councils. Honored with multiple medals, he was knighted as Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire KCIE in 1903. His reign was one of the longest in the 20th century.
Swami Satyadev Parivrajak (1879–1961) was an Arya Samaj ascetic, freedom fighter, and Hindi writer known for his travelogues. Born in Ludhiana, he studied at DAV College, Lahore, before dedicating his life to social reform and Sanskrit studies. He traveled to the U.S. in 1905 for higher education, studying at the University of Chicago and Oregon University, and contributed articles to The Liberator. After returning to India, he took sannyas and worked for Hindi promotion in South India. He had close interactions with Mahatma Gandhi but did not join his ashram permanently. In 1934, he established Satyajnan Niketan near the Ganga Canal and later donated it to the Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha for Hindi promotion.
Subhashini Devi (1914-2003), daughter of Bhakt Phool Singh Maharaj, was a pioneer in women's education in Haryana. After completing her education, she served as a headmistress from 1935 to 1942 and contributed her earnings to support the girls' Gurukul established by her father in Khanpur Kalan. After her father’s martyrdom in 1942, she took on the responsibility of running the Gurukul with dedication, overcoming challenges to transform it into a major educational institution. Under her leadership, colleges for higher education, Ayurveda, and home science were established. In recognition of her exceptional contributions, she was honored with the Padma Shri award in 1975.
Chaudhary Mitrasen Arya (1931-2011) was a visionary leader, businessman, and social reformer dedicated to Arya Samaj and Vedic ideals. Born in 1931 in Haryana, he overcame hardships to establish a successful business while promoting education, agriculture, and social welfare. He played a key role in setting up schools, Gurukuls, and institutions for girls’ education. A true philanthropist, he contributed to disaster relief, supported freedom fighters, and believed in selfless service. His commitment to truth, discipline, and service made him an inspiration.
Mahashaya Krishan (1881-1963) was an Indian freedom fighter and journalist who began editing a newspaper called Pratap. In 1919, after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar, where General Dyer ordered the killing of unarmed Punjabis, Krishan was deeply disturbed by the incident. A book was published about the massacre, but the British government seized it, and the British Governor of Punjab remained silent. This injustice inspired Krishan to start Pratap, a newspaper dedicated to voicing the truth. Throughout his life, he dedicated himself to the freedom struggle and used journalism to awaken the spirit of independence across India. A staunch supporter of Arya Samaj, Mahashay Krishan promoted Urdu and Hindi journalism under British rule and faced many hardships, yet he never gave up on his mission.
Indra Vidyavachaspati, (1889-1960) was a prominent journalist, scholar, and freedom fighter. A Sanskrit scholar and eloquent speaker, he used his skills to promote revolutionary ideas. In 1918, he entered politics, resigning from his professor position at Gurukul Kangri, and launched the weekly Vijaya, which was shut down due to censorship. He later started the daily Arjun. Actively involved in the National Movement, he participated in Gandhian movements and was imprisoned for several years. After Independence, he contributed to nation-building as a Rajya Sabha member, passing away on August 24, 1960.